Virtual reality (VR) is a computing technology that simulates 3D environments. It allows users to interact with virtual worlds on different devices. Virtual reality can be experienced via mobile device screens, head-mounted displays, or VR goggles. VR allows the user to interact with 3D models of bodies and environments in a first-person manner. These models are called avatars.
Ivan Sutherland, a Harvard University professor in 1968, created a head-mounted display that was a viable solution (figure 1-17). The system was comprised of miniature cathode-ray tube that offered stereoscopic images for each eye, and ultrasonic and mechanical trackers that allow users to move within a digital world. The development of the VR technology platform has been driven by advances in computer processing and the creation of new computer graphics technologies. Oxford Medical Systems (the predecessor to Vicon Motion Systems) develops the first commercial Motion Capture (MoCap), system in 1984. Silicon Graphics, Inc. has developed the VLSI Graphics Engine, which is a high-speed computing device that is used by a variety of VR facilities.
VR has been shown to enhance knowledge and skills in health professions education when compared with less interactive digital learning interventions, but it is not clear if these benefits translate into positive outcomes for patients. VR has also been proven to reduce stress levels in health professionals and patients. Nijland et al found that ICU nurses who used VR relaxation during their break time experienced significantly lower stress levels than nurses who did not use VR. It is important to remember that the duration of VR applications may cause overstimulation and cybersickness in some patients.
